Sponge Foundations / Sponge Learner

LESSON 1 OF 2 · 30 MIN READ

Sponge Learner · Part 1

Complete the imported Sponge Learner part

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Grammar

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In English, grammar refers to the rules that govern how words are combined to create meaningful sentences.

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It encompasses the study of word structure (morphology), sentence structure (syntax), and sometimes even pronunciation (phonology) and word meanings (semantics).

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Letters

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The English alphabet consists of 26 letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z.

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These letters are graphemes, which are the smallest units in a writing system and correspond to phonemes (the smallest units of sound in speech).

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Vowel

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a speech sound produced by humans when the breath flows out through the mouth without being blocked by the teeth, tongue, or lips. Any of the sounds represented in English by the letters a, e, i, o, or u.

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Almost all the word in English is having vowel. Except few.

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Crypt

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Cysts

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Dryly

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Fly

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Gym

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Rhythm

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Ghyll

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Gypsy

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Myth

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The letters 'w' and 'y' are called semi-vowels because they can act as both consonants and vowels depending on their position in a word.

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Words without vowels or y

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HMMBRRNTH

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Word

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A group of letters having a meaning is called a word.

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The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) includes over 600,000 word forms, with 171,476 words in current use, according to Wikipedia and Word-counter.io.

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Based on common writing tasks:

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Social Media/Short Messages: A few words up to a couple of hundred.

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Blog posts/Articles: Generally, 600 to 1500 words for newspaper articles and 1500 to 3500 words for magazine articles.

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Essays (High School/College): 300-1000 words for high school, 1500-5000 for undergraduate college essays, and 500-1000 for graduate school admission essays.

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Reports/Research Papers: 4000-5000 words for detailed research papers.

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Sentence

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A group of words having clear meaning is called sentence.

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Types of Sentence Structure:

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Simple

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Compound

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Complex

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Compound-complex

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Simple sentence

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A simple sentence has one independent clause, which is a complete thought that contains a subject and a verb.

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Examples:

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"Mary loves chocolate"

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"Summer is the best season"

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"Mark won the game"

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Compound sentence

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A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semicolon. You might recognize coordinating conjunctions as the FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so

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Examples:

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"Mary loves chocolate, but it makes her sick"

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"We can go to the park, or we can go to the mall"

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"Summer is the best season, and winter is the worst season"

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Complex sentence

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A complex sentence has at least one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

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Examples:

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"Mark won the game because he had the most practice beforehand"

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"Summer is the best season, even though it's humid"

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"Mary loves chocolate since it reminds her of her grandmother"

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Compound-complex

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A compound-complex sentence is a sentence that contains at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

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Examples of compound-complex sentences

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"Though Mitchell prefers watching romantic films, he rented the latest spythriller, and he enjoyed it very much".

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"She completed her literature review, but she still needs to work on her methods section even though she finished her methods course last semester".

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"When you are ready to go, we can take a cab, or we can walk".

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"The school bus was running late, but after Joey and his parents waited for an hour, they decided to drive to school".

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"Colin failed the test because he didn't study, so his parents are angry".

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Parts of speech

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One of the groups that words are divided into, for example noun, verb, adjective, etc.

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Nouns

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Pronouns

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Adjectives

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Verbs

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Adverbs

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Conjunctions

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Prepositions

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Interjections

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Noun

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Name of people, places, animals, objects and ideas.

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Examples of Nouns:

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People– Rahul, Sheela, Man, Person, Tommy, Women, Girl, The Prime Minister

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Places– Bangalore, India, Mexico, North Pole, South Africa, The Nile River, Classroom, Bedroom, Basketball Court, Cricket Ground, Swimming Pool

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Animals/Birds/Aquatic Animals/Reptiles– Lion, Zebra, Snake, Ostrich, Flamingo, Bear, Cat, Fish, Shark

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Ideas– Evolution, Invention, Extinction, Argument, Destruction

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Objects/Things– Bat, Cycle, Curtains, Paper, Bag, Blackboard, Cupboard

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Types of Nouns

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Proper Nouns

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Common nouns

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Singular nouns

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Plural nouns

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Countable nouns

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Uncountable nouns

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Collective Nouns

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Concrete Nouns

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Abstract Nouns

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Proper Nouns

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Nouns that are used to name a person, place or thing specifically are called a proper noun. Proper nouns always begin with a capital letter.

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Examples:

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My name is Rose. (Name of a particular person)

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This is my dog, Bruno. (Name of a specific pet animal owned by someone)

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David came back from Minsk. (Name of a specific place)

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Louis Philippe is a famous brand of men’s clothing. (Name of a particular clothing brand)

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Common nouns

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Common nouns are those nouns that refer to a generic item, group or place. This means that, unlike proper nouns, they are not used to identify specific people, places or objects.

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Examples:

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I bought a pen yesterday. (Common object)

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I am going to school. (Common place)

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Only ten employees showed up to work today. (Common group)

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The car is out of fuel. (Common items)

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Singular nouns

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These are words that are used to name a single person, place, animal, bird or object.

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Examples:

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There is a little boy in front of our house. (Single person)

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That is my daughter. (Single person)

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I found a wounded sparrow in the bush. (Single bird)

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A red van has been following us for a long time. (Single object)

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Plural nouns

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Plural nouns refer to a number of people, places, animals or things. Nouns are made plural by adding an ‘s’ or ‘es’ or ‘ies’ or ‘ves’ to the existing root word. Nouns that end with an ‘s’ remain the same. Some nouns remain the same in both their singular and plural forms, and some others have totally different spelling.

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Examples:

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I need some apples.

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Did you find the boxes you were looking for?

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I bought mangoes from the market.

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We took photos of some deer on our way.

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Countable nouns

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Countable nouns are those nouns that can be counted or measured.

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Examples:

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Tom brought ten packets of lays for the trip. (specific number – ten)

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Mom asked me to buy a dozen eggs. (specific – dozen means twelve)

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I saw an airplane around seven in the morning. (specific – an means one)

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Uncountable nouns

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Uncountable nouns (also called mass nouns) are nouns that cannot be counted because they refer to things that are seen as a whole or a mass. They do not have a plural form and are always used in the singular. Here’s a detailed explanation with examples:

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Characteristics of Uncountable Nouns:

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Cannot be counted: You cannot use numbers (e.g., one, two, three) with them.

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No plural form: They are always singular.

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Use with singular verbs: They take singular verbs in sentences.

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Quantifiers: Use words like some, much, a little, a lot of instead of a, an, or numbers.

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Examples of Uncountable Nouns:

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Food and Drinks:

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Water, milk, rice, sugar, bread, coffee, tea, cheese, butter, etc.

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Example: "I drink water every day."

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Materials:

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Wood, glass, metal, plastic, paper, etc.

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Example: "This table is made of wood."

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Abstract Concepts:

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Love, happiness, anger, knowledge, information, advice, etc.

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Example: "She gave me some good advice."

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Natural Phenomena:

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Weather, rain, snow, sunshine, etc.

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Example: "The weather is nice today."

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Other Common Uncountable Nouns:

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Money, furniture, luggage, equipment, music, news, etc.

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Example: "I need some new furniture for my house."

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Rules for Using Uncountable Nouns:

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No indefinite article (a/an):

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Incorrect: "I need a water."

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Correct: "I need some water."

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Use quantifiers:

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Correct: "She has a lot of money."

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Correct: "Can I have a little sugar?"

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Singular verbs:

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Correct: "The information is useful."

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Incorrect: "The information are useful."

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Common Mistakes:

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Using a plural form:

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Incorrect: "I bought two breads."

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Correct: "I bought two loaves of bread."

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Using numbers:

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Incorrect: "I need three advices."

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Correct: "I need three pieces of advice."

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How to Count Uncountable Nouns:

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To count uncountable nouns, use measure words or containers:

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A glass of water.

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A piece of advice.

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A slice of bread.

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A cup of coffee.

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A bag of rice.

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Collective Nouns

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A collective noun is a naming word that is used to denote a group of objects, animals or people.

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Examples:

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Collective nouns for groups of animals

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A pride of lions

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A flock of sheep

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A swarm of bees

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A herd of elephants

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Collective nouns for groups of people

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A band of musicians

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A board of directors

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A crew of sailors

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A company of actors

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Collective nouns for a number of things/objects

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A pair of shoes

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A chain of mountains

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A fleet of ships

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A bunch of grapes

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Concrete Nouns

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A concrete noun refers to objects that are material and can be perceived

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by the human senses.

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Examples:

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The book is on the table.

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I had a cup of coffee.

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Sharon opened the windows.

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Hardy goes to school by bus.

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Abstract Nouns

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Any entity that cannot be perceived by the five senses of the human body are called an abstract noun.

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Examples:

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Love is a strong emotion.

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Honesty is the best policy.

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It takes a lot of courage to raise your voice and stand up against injustice.

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You should not misuse the freedom you are given.

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Remember types of nouns in group

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{"order":219,"type":"table","rows":[["Proper NounsCommon nouns"],["Singular nounsPlural nouns"],["Countable nounsUncountable nouns"],["Collective Nouns"],["Concrete NounsAbstract Nouns"]]}

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Exercise 1: 🧠 MCQs: Identify the Types of Nouns

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1. Rahul is my best friend.

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a) Common Nounb) Proper Nounc) Collective Nound) Abstract Noun

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2. The team won the championship.

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a) Common Nounb) Proper Nounc) Collective Nound) Abstract Noun

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3. I saw a lion in the zoo.

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a) Proper Nounb) Common Nounc) Abstract Nound) Collective Noun

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4. Her honesty is appreciated by all.

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a) Abstract Nounb) Proper Nounc) Common Nound) Collective Noun

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5. My sister gave me a box of chocolates.

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a) Common Nounb) Collective Nounc) Proper Nound) Abstract Noun

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6. The crowd cheered loudly.

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a) Abstract Nounb) Proper Nounc) Common Nound) Collective Noun

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7. We should respect our freedom.

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a) Common Nounb) Abstract Nounc) Proper Nound) Collective Noun

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8. The Amazon is a large river.

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a) Common Nounb) Collective Nounc) Abstract Nound) Proper Noun

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9. A book was lying on the table.

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a) Proper Nounb) Common Nounc) Abstract Nound) Collective Noun

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10. The jury gave its verdict.

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a) Abstract Nounb) Common Nounc) Collective Nound) Proper Noun

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11. India is a democratic country.

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a) Proper Nounb) Common Nounc) Collective Nound) Abstract Noun

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12. Childhood is the best phase of life.

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a) Common Nounb) Proper Nounc) Abstract Nound) Collective Noun

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13. The library has many books.

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a) Proper Nounb) Collective Nounc) Common Nound) Abstract Noun

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14. The orchestra played beautifully.

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a) Common Nounb) Collective Nounc) Proper Nound) Abstract Noun

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15. He has great wisdom.

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a) Common Nounb) Abstract Nounc) Proper Nound) Collective Noun

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16. Mount Everest is the highest peak.

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a) Common Nounb) Proper Nounc) Abstract Nound) Collective Noun

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17. A bunch of grapes was on the table.

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a) Common Nounb) Abstract Nounc) Proper Nound) Collective Noun

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18. The teacher praised the student.

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a) Proper Nounb) Abstract Nounc) Common Nound) Collective Noun

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19. Her anger was uncontrollable.

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a) Abstract Nounb) Common Nounc) Proper Nound) Collective Noun

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20. The Ganga flows through several states.

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a) Proper Nounb) Common Nounc) Collective Nound) Abstract Noun

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21. The committee agreed on the decision.

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a) Common Nounb) Abstract Nounc) Proper Nound) Collective Noun

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22. We saw the Himalayas during our trip.

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a) Common Nounb) Proper Nounc) Abstract Nound) Collective Noun

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23. Please handle the glass with care.

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a) Common Nounb) Abstract Nounc) Material Nound) Collective Noun

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24. Bravery is an admirable quality.

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a) Abstract Nounb) Common Nounc) Proper Nound) Collective Noun

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25. The police arrived at the spot quickly.

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a) Proper Nounb) Collective Nounc) Common Nound) Abstract Noun

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26. Titanic was a famous ship.

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a) Common Nounb) Proper Nounc) Abstract Nound) Collective Noun

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27. The students went on a picnic.

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a) Collective Nounb) Proper Nounc) Abstract Nound) Common Noun

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28. Iron is a useful metal.

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a) Common Nounb) Material Nounc) Abstract Nound) Proper Noun

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29. I respect your opinion.

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a) Abstract Nounb) Common Nounc) Collective Nound) Proper Noun

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30. He read the Bible every night.

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a) Common Nounb) Collective Nounc) Proper Nound) Abstract Noun

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31. Her beauty mesmerized everyone.

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a) Abstract Nounb) Common Nounc) Proper Nound) Collective Noun

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32. The flock of birds flew away.

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a) Common Nounb) Proper Nounc) Collective Nound) Abstract Noun

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33. Water is essential for life.

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a) Abstract Nounb) Proper Nounc) Collective Nound) Material Noun

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34. He climbed the ladder carefully.

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a) Proper Nounb) Common Nounc) Material Nound) Collective Noun

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35. My brother works in Microsoft.

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a) Proper Nounb) Common Nounc) Abstract Nound) Collective Noun

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36. The army marched in silence.

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a) Abstract Nounb) Proper Nounc) Collective Nound) Common Noun

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37. Kindness is always appreciated.

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a) Common Nounb) Abstract Nounc) Collective Nound) Proper Noun

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38. They saw the Taj Mahal at sunrise.

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a) Common Nounb) Abstract Nounc) Collective Nound) Proper Noun

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39. My grandfather wore a woolen sweater.

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a) Abstract Nounb) Proper Nounc) Material Nound) Common Noun

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40. A bundle of sticks lay in the corner.

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a) Common Nounb) Collective Nounc) Abstract Nound) Proper Noun

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41. He showed great patience.

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a) Proper Nounb) Collective Nounc) Common Nound) Abstract Noun

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42. We visited London last year.

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a) Proper Nounb) Common Nounc) Abstract Nound) Collective Noun

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43. The children were playing in the park.

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a) Abstract Nounb) Collective Nounc) Common Nound) Proper Noun

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44. The wall was made of bricks.

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a) Common Nounb) Material Nounc) Proper Nound) Abstract Noun

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45. Truth always triumphs.

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a) Common Nounb) Abstract Nounc) Proper Nound) Collective Noun

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46. A pack of wolves was seen in the forest.

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a) Proper Nounb) Collective Nounc) Abstract Nound) Common Noun

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47. I saw Amitabh Bachchan at the airport.

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a) Common Nounb) Proper Nounc) Abstract Nound) Collective Noun

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48. We bought gold ornaments.

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a) Abstract Nounb) Common Nounc) Material Nound) Collective Noun

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49. The teacher gave a box of pencils.

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a) Common Nounb) Collective Nounc) Proper Nound) Abstract Noun

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50. The audience clapped loudly.

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a) Abstract Nounb) Collective Nounc) Common Nound) Proper Noun

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Pronouns

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The words that are used to substitute a noun in a sentence. I, he, she, it, them, his, yours, anyone, nobody, who, etc.

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Examples of pronouns used in sentences:

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I reached home at six in the evening. (1st person singular pronoun)

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Did someone see a red bag on the counter? (Indefinite pronoun)

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Is this the boy who won the first prize? (Relative pronoun)

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That is my mom. (Possessive pronoun)

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I hurt myself yesterday when we were playing cricket. (Reflexive pronoun)

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Pronouns are generally classified into three main kinds.

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PersonSingular PronounPlural Pronoun

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First Person PronounI, MeWe, Us

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Second Person PronounYou, YourYou

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Third Person PronounHe, She, It, Him, HerThey, Them, Their

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Remember: He / She / It / Singular NameRemember: He / She / It / Singular Name

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Verbs

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Verbs are words that denote an action that is being performed by the noun or the subject in a sentence.

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Examples of verbs used in sentences:

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She plays cricket every day.

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Darshana and Arul are going to the movies.

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My friends visited me last week.

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Did you have your breakfast?

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My name is Meenakshi Kishore.

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General Classification of Verbs according to What They Signify

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Verbs Referring to Actions

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Verbs Referring to Experiences or Feelings

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Verbs Referring to a State or Condition

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Verbs Referring to Actions

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Verbs referring to action (action verbs) are those that involve the movement of one’s body in one way or the other.

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Example:

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WalkRunTalkSit

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ReadWriteJogCough

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SleepJumpSingDrink

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TeachPresentBuildBreak

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TowTossHugFight

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Verbs Referring to Experiences or Feelings

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These are verbs that refer to something that you can feel or experience and do not necessarily involve a movement of any kind.

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Example

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LoveHateEnvyBelieve

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TrustFeelEntrustExperience

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CareCherishSenseKnow

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RecognizeUnderstandComprehendLike

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NeedAdoreLoatheAppreciate

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Verbs Referring to a State or Condition

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These verbs are those that refer to situations or the state of being. All forms of ‘to be’ verbs belong to this category.

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Example

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AmIsAreWas

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WereHaveHasWill be

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AppearSeemBecomeBeen

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The Various Types of Verbs

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Auxiliary Verbs/Helping Verbs

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Modal Verbs

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Phrasal Verbs

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Linking Verbs

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Auxiliary Verbs/Helping Verbs

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Auxiliary verbs or helping verbs, as the name suggests, is a verb that is used to help another verb sound sensible and meaningful. It is used to change the other verb’s tense, mood or voice. So, every time an auxiliary verb is used, you always have one more verb, which acts as the main verb in a sentence.

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Examples

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AmIsAreWasWereHaveHasDoWillCan

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Modal Verbs

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Modal verbs are those verbs that are used to denote the possibility, probability, capability or necessity of something happening. Modal verbs, unlike other auxiliary verbs, cannot be used as a main verb in a sentence.

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Examples

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CanCouldWillWouldMayMightShouldMustOught to

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Phrasal Verbs

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Phrasal verbs include phrases that are formed by combining two or more parts of speech that performs the same function as a verb in a sentence. In most cases, a phrasal verb results from a combination of a verb and a preposition.

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Example

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Go byLay offLog inGet off

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Run outGo all outThink throughFed up

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Taken abackAct onBack awayBack up

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Look upMix upOpt outPop in

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Linking Verbs

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A linking verb, just like the name suggests, is a type of verb that is used to link the subjects in a sentence to the other parts of the sentence so that it is meaningful. It connects the subject to the object, an adjective and even a prepositional phrase. All ‘to be’ forms of verbs and verbs like ‘seem’ and ‘become’ can act as linking verbs.

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Example

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Danny is my brother.

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The children were in the park.

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Verb Forms

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A verb is used in different ways to indicate the time in which the subject is performing an action.

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Regular Verbs

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Regular verbs are those that form their past tense and past participle by adding “-ed” (or sometimes just “-d”) to the base form.

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V1V2V3V4V5

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AddAddedAddedAddsAdding

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AccessAccessedAccessedAccessesAccessing

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AlertAlertedAlertedAlertsAlertin

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AmuseAmusedAmusedAmusesAmusing

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AdmireAdmiredAdmiredAdmiresAdmiring

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AvoidAvoidedAvoidedAvoidsAvoiding

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AskAskedAskedAsksAsking

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AppearAppearedAppearedAppearsAppearing

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Irregular verbs

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Irregular verbs are verbs that do not follow the regular pattern of adding -ed to form the past tense and past participle.

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{"order":416,"type":"table","rows":[["Base Form (V1)","Past Simple (V2)","Past Participle (V3)"],["be","was \/ were","been"],["become","became","become"],["begin","began","begun"],["break","broke","broken"],["bring","brought","brought"]]}

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Identify verbs and auxiliary verbs in the paragraph

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Every morning, Riya gets up at 6 a.m. and starts her day with a smile. She believes that a good start to the day brings positive energy. After brushing her teeth and freshening up, she heads straight to the kitchen. There, she boils water for tea, cuts some fruits, and prepares a healthy breakfast. While the water is boiling, she feeds her pet dog Bruno and fills his bowl with clean water.

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Once breakfast is ready, Riya sits by the window and enjoys the morning sun. She eats slowly while reading the newspaper. The news sometimes shocks her, especially when it covers serious issues like climate change or crime. But she prefers staying informed. After finishing breakfast, she cleans the dishes, wipes the kitchen counter, and organizes the utensils neatly.

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By 7:30 a.m., she changes into her workout clothes and steps out for a brisk walk in the nearby park. The cool breeze and chirping birds refresh her mind. She often meets her neighbor Mrs. Sen, who also walks regularly. They talk for a few minutes about books, gardening, or community events. Sometimes, Riya joins a group yoga session that starts under a large banyan tree in the center of the park.

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After exercising, she returns home, takes a shower, and gets ready for work. Riya works as a graphic designer for a media company, and she usually logs in by 9 a.m. Her work involves a lot of creativity. She designs posters, edits social media images, and plans advertising layouts. Her manager often assigns her new projects, and she always accepts them enthusiastically.

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Throughout the day, Riya attends virtual meetings, shares her screen to show her designs, and responds to emails. She also takes short breaks to stretch, drink water, or look out the window for a few minutes. After work, she sometimes bakes cookies or visits her friend’s house. On weekends, she travels to nearby places to explore new cultures and cuisines.

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Riya believes in balancing work and personal life. She loves spending time with family and enjoys simple things like listening to music or watering her plants. Her lifestyle reflects discipline, kindness, and gratitude. Every night, she writes in her journal, thanks the universe for the day, and plans for tomorrow.

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Simple Present Tense

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Type of Paragraph can be written in simple present tense.

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✅ 1. Descriptive Paragraph

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Used to describe a person, place, or thing as it is now.

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🔹 Example:The park near my house looks beautiful in the morning. Birds chirp in the trees, and the cool breeze refreshes the mind. Many people come here to walk and exercise.

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✅ 2. Narrative Paragraph (when describing habitual or regular actions)

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Used to tell a story or describe events that regularly happen.

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🔹 Example:Every morning, Riya wakes up at 6 a.m. She brushes her teeth and goes for a walk. After returning home, she makes breakfast and reads the newspaper.

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✅ 3. Expository Paragraph

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Used to explain a fact, process, or idea.

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🔹 Example:Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make their own food. They use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen.

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✅ 4. Process Paragraph

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Used to describe steps of a process that is still true or commonly followed.

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🔹 Example:To make tea, first boil water. Then add tea leaves and let them brew. After a few minutes, strain the tea and add milk or sugar as desired.

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✅ 5. Analytical or Critical Paragraph

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Used to explain thoughts or analyze texts (literature, film, etc.).

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🔹 Example:In the poem "Daffodils," Wordsworth describes the beauty of nature. He focuses on the joyful effect the flowers have on his mind. The poet uses vivid imagery and personification.

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✅ 6. Opinion Paragraph

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Used to express personal beliefs or viewpoints.

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🔹 Example:I believe reading books helps us grow intellectually. It improves our vocabulary and develops our thinking skills. Everyone should read at least one book a month.

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Structure of Simple Present Tense

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🟢 1. Affirmative Sentences (Positive)

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👉 Structure:

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Subject + base verb (V1)

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If the subject is he, she, it → Add “s” or “es” to the verb

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{"order":455,"type":"table","rows":[["Subject","Example Verb: \"play\"","Sentence"],["I \/ You \/ We \/ They","play","I play cricket."],["He \/ She \/ It","plays","She plays the guitar."]]}

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🔴 2. Negative Sentences

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👉 Structure:

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Subject + do/does not + base verb

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{"order":460,"type":"table","rows":[["Subject","Helping Verb","Example"],["I \/ You \/ We \/ They","do not (don’t)","We don’t eat meat."],["He \/ She \/ It","does not (doesn’t)","He doesn’t like coffee."]]}

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❓ 3. Interrogative Sentences (Questions)

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👉 Structure:

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Do/Does + subject + base verb?

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{"order":465,"type":"table","rows":[["Question Type","Example"],["Do you play chess?","(for I\/you\/we\/they)"],["Does she drink tea?","(for he\/she\/it)"]]}

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✅ Rules to Change Verb (V1) to Verb (V5)

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(V1 = Base Form, V5 = Verb with s/es/ies used in simple present tense for he/she/it)

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In Simple Present Tense, when the subject is he, she, it, the verb is changed to V5 by adding s, es, or ies to V1. Here are the rules:

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🔹 Rule 1: Add “s” to most verbs

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👉 Rule: If the verb is simple and regular, just add s.Examples:

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play → plays

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run → runs

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cook → cooks

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read → reads

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🔹 Rule 2: Add “es” to verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o

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👉 Rule: If the verb ends in ss, sh, ch, x, or o, add es.Examples:

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pass → passes

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wash → washes

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teach → teaches

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fix → fixes

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go → goes

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do → does

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🔹 Rule 3: Change “y” to “ies” if preceded by a consonant

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👉 Rule: If a verb ends in -y and the letter before y is a consonant, change y to ies.Examples:

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cry → cries

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try → tries

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study → studies

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🔹 Rule 4: Keep “y” and just add “s” if preceded by a vowel

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👉 Rule: If a verb ends in -y and the letter before y is a vowel, just add s.Examples:

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play → plays

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enjoy → enjoys

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obey → obeys

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✅ Summary Table:

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{"order":500,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V5 (with he\/she\/it)","Rule Applied"],["read","reads","Add s"],["go","goes","Add es to verb ending in o"],["cry","cries","y → ies after consonant"],["play","plays","add s, vowel before y"],["teach","teaches","Add es to verb ending in ch"],["fix","fixes","Add es to verb ending in x"]]}

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Exercise 2: Simple Present V1 to V5 Worksheet

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{"order":503,"type":"table","rows":[["Base Verb (V1)","Subject (he\/she\/it)","V5 (Answer)"],["play","he",""],["go","she",""],["cry","it",""],["fix","he",""],["read","she",""],["wash","it",""],["study","he",""],["enjoy","she",""],["teach","it",""],["obey","he",""],["run","he",""],["pass","she",""],["do","it",""],["study","he",""],["watch","she",""],["buy","it",""],["try","he",""],["fix","she",""],["kiss","it",""],["fly","he",""],["walk","she",""],["open","it",""],["close","he",""],["mix","she",""],["box","it",""],["carry","he",""],["push","she",""],["catch","it",""],["love","he",""],["hate","she",""],["draw","it",""],["paint","he",""],["enjoy","she",""],["laugh","it",""],["sleep","he",""],["cook","she",""],["jump","it",""],["sing","he",""],["dance","she",""],["clap","it",""],["hope","he",""],["skip","she",""],["talk","it",""],["write","he",""],["call","she",""],["talk","it",""],["answer","he",""],["borrow","she",""],["clean","it",""],["cut","he",""]]}

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Exercise 3: Make (Affirmative/ Negative/Interrogative) Sentences

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Hint (Subject / Verb / Object)

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she / play / guitar

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he / go / to school

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they / eat / lunch

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I / watch / TV

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we / study / English

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you / like / music

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it / rain / often

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he / drive / car

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she / write / poems

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I / read / books

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they / swim / well

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she / cook / dinner

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he / drink / milk

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we / play / football

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you / speak / French

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it / bark / loudly

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he / fix / the bike

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she / teach / math

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they / dance / well

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I / go / to market

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we / clean / the room

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you / draw / pictures

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she / open / the window

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he / close / the door

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they / buy / vegetables

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I / visit / my grandma

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we / help / our parents

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you / bring / your book

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it / shine / brightly

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he / wear / a cap

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she / sing / beautifully

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they / clap / hands

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I / walk / to school

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we / talk / a lot

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you / jump / high

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he / cry / loudly

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she / carry / a bag

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they / live / in Delhi

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I / like / chocolates

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we / listen / to music

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you / write / letters

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it / look / funny

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he / study / daily

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she / laugh / loudly

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they / repair / the car

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I / paint / pictures

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we / enjoy / holidays

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you / visit / zoo

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he / catch / the ball

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she / comb / her hair

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Exercise 4: Fill in the Blanks

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She ____________ (play) the piano every evening.

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He _________________ (go) to the gym daily.

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They _________________ (eat) dinner at 8 p.m.

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I _______________ (watch) movies on weekends.

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We ______________ (study) together every night.

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You _________________ (like) ice cream.

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It _________________ (rain) heavily in July.

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He _________________ (drive) to work.

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She _________________ (write) in her journal.

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I _________ (read) the newspaper every morning.

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They _________________ (swim) in the river.

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She _________________ (cook) pasta on Sundays.

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He ______________ (drink) coffee in the morning.

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We _______________ (play) cricket on holidays.

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You _________________ (speak) clearly.

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It _________________ (bark) at strangers.

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He _________________ (fix) computers.

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She _________________ (teach) science.

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They ___________ (dance) in the annual function.

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I _________________ (go) for a walk daily.

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We _________________ (clean) our classroom.

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You _________________ (draw) very well.

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She _________________ (open) the door slowly.

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He _________________ (close) the gate properly.

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They _____________ (buy) groceries every Friday.

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I _______________ (visit) my uncle on weekends.

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We _________________ (help) our neighbors.

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You _________________ (bring) snacks to school.

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It _________________ (shine) in the sky.

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He _________________ (wear) a jacket in winter.

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She _________________ (sing) beautifully.

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They _________________ (clap) loudly.

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I _________________ (walk) to school.

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We _________________ (talk) during lunch.

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You ________________ (jump) across the puddle.

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He _________________ (cry) during sad movies.

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She _________________ (carry) a big basket.

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They _________________ (live) near the station.

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I _________________ (like) reading books.

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We ___________ (listen) to music in the evening.

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You _______________ (write) in your notebook.

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It _________________ (look) amazing.

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He _________________ (study) very hard.

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She _________________ (laugh) at jokes.

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They _________________ (repair) bicycles.

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I _________________ (paint) landscapes.

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We ________________ (enjoy) our time together.

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You _________________ (visit) your cousins.

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He _________________ (catch) butterflies.

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She _________________ (comb) her hair daily.

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1. My Daily Routine

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I wake up early in the morning and brush my teeth. Then, I take a bath and get ready for school. My mother prepares breakfast for me, and I eat it quickly. After that, I go to school with my friends. I attend my classes and listen to my teachers carefully. In the afternoon, I return home and do my homework. In the evening, I play with my friends in the park. After dinner, I watch TV for a while and then go to bed early.

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My Daily Routine

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I wake upearly in the morning

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and brush my teeth.

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Then, I takea bath

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and get readyfor school.

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My mother prepares breakfast for me,

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and I eat it quickly.

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After that, I go to school with my friends.

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I attend my classes

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and listen to my teachers carefully.

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In the afternoon, I return home

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and do my homework.

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In the evening, I play with my friends in the park.

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After dinner,I watch TV for a while

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and then go to bed early.

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Daily Routine Verbs

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🌅 Morning Routine

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wake up

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get up

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stretch

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yawn

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brush

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wash

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take a shower

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take a bath

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dry

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comb

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get dressed

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wear

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iron

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polish

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make (bed)

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prepare (breakfast)

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cook

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eat

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drink

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pack (bag)

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set alarm

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🌞 Daytime Routine

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leave

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catch (bus/train)

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walk

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run

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drive

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enter

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attend

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study

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read

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write

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draw

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paint

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type

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listen

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talk

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speak

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answer

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ask

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teach

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explain

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work

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use (computer)

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play

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jump

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clap

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sing

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dance

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visit

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buy

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bring

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carry

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🌇 Evening & Night Routine

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return

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relax

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rest

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exercise

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take a nap

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watch (TV)

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do (homework)

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help

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cook (dinner)

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eat (dinner)

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wash (dishes)

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clean

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sweep

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mop

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wipe

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arrange

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organize

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sleep

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go to bed

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fall asleep

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🧴 Personal Care / Hygiene

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wash (hands/face)

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comb (hair)

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use (sanitizer)

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wear (clothes/shoes)

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iron (clothes)

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polish (shoes)

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clean (glasses)

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look (in mirror)

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charge (phone)

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set (alarm)

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brush (teeth)

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Prepositions

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🌟 What is a Preposition?

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A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence.It usually tells us about place, time, direction, cause, manner, etc.

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🔹 Common Prepositions

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{"order":739,"type":"table","rows":[["Place (Where?)","Time (When?)","Direction \/ Movement","Other Types"],["in, on, at","in, on, at","to, into, onto, toward","with, by, about"],["under, over, above","before, after","from, off, out of","of, for, without"],["beside, near, behind","during, until","across, along, through","about, like, as"]]}

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✨ Examples of Prepositions in Sentences

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{"order":742,"type":"table","rows":[["Sentence","Preposition","Shows"],["The book is on the table.","on","place\/location"],["We met at 5 p.m.","at","time"],["She walked into the room.","into","direction"],["I am fond of music.","of","relationship"],["He came with his friend.","with","companionship"]]}

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📚 Types of Prepositions

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Prepositions of Place – at, in, on, under, above

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Prepositions of Time – at, on, in, before, after

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Prepositions of Direction – to, into, onto, towards

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Prepositions of Cause/Reason/Purpose – for, because of, due to

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Prepositions of Manner/Instrument/Agency – by, with, like

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Prepositions of Comparison – like, as, than

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Prepositions of Possession – of, with, to

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Exercise 5: Find Prepositions

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{"order":754,"type":"table","rows":[["Sl","Sentence","Preposition"],["1","The cat is under the table.",""],["2","She arrived at 6 o'clock.",""],["3","We are going to the park.",""],["4","He is good at drawing.",""],["5","They jumped into the water.",""],["6","She was born in April.",""],["7","He ran across the field.",""],["8","We sat on the bench.",""],["9","The book is beside the lamp.",""],["10","They live near the river.",""],["11","He came from Delhi.",""],["12","She walked through the forest.",""],["13","He leaned against the wall.",""],["14","The keys are in the drawer.",""],["15","They talked about the issue.",""],["16","I waited for an hour.",""],["17","The sun is above the hills.",""],["18","The school is closed on Sundays.",""],["19","He is fond of music.",""],["20","The boy hid behind the curtain.",""],["21","She is married to a doctor.",""],["22","They reached after sunset.",""],["23","We will leave before lunch.",""],["24","The bird flew over the trees.",""],["25","I traveled by bus.",""],["26","The bag is full of books.",""],["27","The pen is with my friend.",""],["28","He sat between his parents.",""],["29","The letter is addressed to the manager.",""],["30","She jumped onto the stage.",""],["31","The room was filled with laughter.",""],["32","She climbed up the ladder.",""],["33","We met during the break.",""],["34","He swam beneath the surface.",""],["35","The car stopped at the signal.",""],["36","I have been here since morning.",""],["37","He dived off the cliff.",""],["38","She stayed inside the house.",""],["39","The road goes beyond the hills.",""],["40","The child slept throughout the night.",""],["41","They arrived without a map.",""],["42","He is angry with me.",""],["43","The photo was taken by John.",""],["44","We were walking along the beach.",""],["45","The train passed through the tunnel.",""],["46","She looked after the baby.",""],["47","He climbed down the stairs.",""],["48","The file is under the folder.",""],["49","She moved around the house.",""],["50","We had lunch before the movie.",""],["51","They sat opposite each other.",""]]}

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Exercise 6: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

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{"order":756,"type":"table","rows":[["Sl","Question","Option A","Option B","Option C","Option D"],["1","The cat is hiding ___ the sofa.","under","for","over","about"],["2","We met ___ the mall yesterday.","through","of","out","at"],["3","She will arrive ___ 5 p.m.","to","on","onto","at"],["4","He is afraid ___ snakes.","on","from","of","with"],["5","They jumped ___ the pool.","out","into","from","by"],["6","The book is lying ___ the table.","before","on","over","into"],["7","I live ___ Kolkata.","on","into","in","of"],["8","She walked ___ the road slowly.","into","along","about","at"],["9","He threw the ball ___ the window.","for","onto","after","through"],["10","I am interested ___ painting.","at","in","into","before"],["11","The keys are ___ my pocket.","by","in","for","across"],["12","He was born ___ 2005.","on","under","in","of"],["13","We watched the movie ___ the theatre.","into","at","in","over"],["14","The car went ___ the tunnel.","to","out","through","over"],["15","I’ll meet you ___ Monday.","to","along","over","on"],["16","The boy ran ___ his mother.","through","across","to","into"],["17","The pen is ___ the drawer.","from","in","before","at"],["18","My birthday is ___ July.","at","under","along","in"],["19","She sat ___ me during lunch.","out","on","beside","at"],["20","We looked ___ the stars at night.","in","after","of","at"],["21","He came here ___ train.","by","for","of","before"],["22","The dog is barking ___ the stranger.","at","for","before","to"],["23","Please wait ___ me.","to","into","under","for"],["24","The letter is addressed ___ the manager.","at","out","from","to"],["25","I got a gift ___ my friend.","into","about","over","from"],["26","There is a lamp ___ the bed.","onto","beside","in","into"],["27","The sun rises ___ the east.","in","to","across","into"],["28","He works ___ a software company.","over","on","for","after"],["29","The teacher stood ___ the blackboard.","after","near","out","with"],["30","We drove ___ the mountains.","out","at","of","through"],["31","They stayed ___ a hotel.","into","at","in","from"],["32","The picture is hanging ___ the wall.","on","after","across","over"],["33","Don’t sit ___ the floor.","by","about","on","out"],["34","She talked ___ her mother on the phone.","to","into","under","across"],["35","The plane flew ___ the clouds.","by","with","of","above"],["36","He leaned ___ the wall.","with","against","about","out"],["37","We are going ___ vacation next week.","over","at","through","on"],["38","I waited ___ an hour.","along","for","about","under"],["39","There is a fly ___ your soup!","at","about","along","in"],["40","The child fell ___ the stairs.","in","under","down","at"],["41","The train stopped ___ the station.","across","from","along","at"],["42","He is tired ___ working so much.","about","in","from","of"],["43","I opened the door ___ a key.","out","after","from","with"],["44","She divided the cake ___ four pieces.","from","about","into","with"],["45","They walked ___ the beach hand in hand.","about","along","before","out"],["46","He listened carefully ___ the instructions.","from","to","with","over"],["47","I have been working here ___ two years.","after","over","for","on"],["48","The school is closed ___ Sundays.","of","on","along","by"],["49","He was late ___ the meeting.","for","with","at","to"],["50","The gift was wrapped ___ a red ribbon.","under","in","into","after"]]}

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Exercise 7: Choose the Right Preposition

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{"order":760,"type":"table","rows":[["Serial","Sentence","Options"],["1","She is married ___ a doctor.","to \/ with"],["2","He is angry ___ his brother.","with \/ at"],["3","I am interested ___ music.","in \/ on"],["4","The book is lying ___ the table.","on \/ in"],["5","He jumped ___ the river to save the boy.","into \/ in"],["6","The gift is ___ the box.","in \/ on"],["7","The teacher is standing ___ the blackboard.","in front of \/ behind"],["8","He walked ___ the room silently.","into \/ onto"],["9","The fan is hanging ___ the ceiling.","from \/ on"],["10","She is fond ___ chocolates.","of \/ for"],["11","He is tired ___ working all day.","of \/ with"],["12","The train stopped ___ the station.","at \/ in"],["13","We are going ___ vacation next week.","on \/ for"],["14","He sat ___ me during the movie.","beside \/ next"],["15","The child fell ___ the stairs.","down \/ off"],["16","The picture is hanging ___ the wall.","on \/ over"],["17","She is afraid ___ dogs.","of \/ from"],["18","He lives ___ his grandparents.","with \/ to"],["19","She was born ___ July.","in \/ on"],["20","We arrived ___ the airport on time.","at \/ to"],["21","He threw the ball ___ the window.","through \/ across"],["22","They walked ___ the bridge.","across \/ through"],["23","The plane flew ___ the mountains.","over \/ on"],["24","The lamp is ___ the table.","on \/ over"],["25","He sat ___ the bench in the park.","on \/ in"],["26","I went ___ the house to look for him.","into \/ to"],["27","They moved ___ a new apartment.","into \/ in"],["28","We stayed ___ a hotel.","in \/ at"],["29","She kept the pen ___ the drawer.","in \/ into"],["30","He went ___ the shop to buy milk.","to \/ into"],["31","The dog jumped ___ the chair.","onto \/ into"],["32","The train passed ___ a long tunnel.","through \/ across"],["33","He looked ___ the window.","out of \/ through"],["34","She is sitting ___ the desk.","at \/ on"],["35","He arrived ___ the meeting late.","at \/ in"],["36","The keys are ___ my pocket.","in \/ on"],["37","He got a gift ___ his uncle.","from \/ by"],["38","We stayed ___ home all day.","at \/ in"],["39","The sun rises ___ the east.","in \/ from"],["40","The road goes ___ the jungle.","through \/ by"],["41","He stood ___ the door and knocked.","at \/ on"],["42","I am good ___ math.","at \/ in"],["43","She is talking ___ the phone.","on \/ over"],["44","We are looking ___ a new house.","for \/ to"],["45","I borrowed a pen ___ my friend.","from \/ of"],["46","He was walking ___ the river bank.","along \/ across"],["47","I divided the cake ___ three parts.","into \/ in"],["48","We reached home ___ time.","on \/ in"],["49","He leaned ___ the wall.","against \/ on"],["50","The dog is barking ___ the stranger.","at \/ on"]]}

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Exercise 8: Fill in the Blanks – Preposition Practice

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The cat is hiding ___ the sofa.

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We met ___ the mall yesterday.

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She will arrive ___ 5 p.m.

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He is afraid ___ snakes.

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They jumped ___ the pool.

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The book is lying ___ the table.

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I live ___ Kolkata.

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She walked ___ the road slowly.

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He threw the ball ___ the window.

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I am interested ___ painting.

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The keys are ___ my pocket.

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He was born ___ 2005.

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We watched the movie ___ the theatre.

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The car went ___ the tunnel.

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I’ll meet you ___ Monday.

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The boy ran ___ his mother.

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The pen is ___ the drawer.

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My birthday is ___ July.

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She sat ___ me during lunch.

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We looked ___ the stars at night.

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He came here ___ train.

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The dog is barking ___ the stranger.

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Please wait ___ me.

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The letter is addressed ___ the manager.

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I got a gift ___ my friend.

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There is a lamp ___ the bed.

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The sun rises ___ the east.

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He works ___ a software company.

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The teacher stood ___ the blackboard.

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We drove ___ the mountains.

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They stayed ___ a hotel.

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The picture is hanging ___ the wall.

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Do not sit ___ the floor.

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She talked ___ her mother on the phone.

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The plane flew ___ the clouds.

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He leaned ___ the wall.

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We are going ___ vacation next week.

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I waited ___ an hour.

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There is a fly ___ your soup!

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The child fell ___ the stairs.

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The train stopped ___ the station.

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He is tired ___ working so much.

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I opened the door ___ a key.

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She divided the cake ___ four pieces.

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They walked ___ the beach hand in hand.

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He listened carefully ___ the instructions.

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I have been working here ___ two years.

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The school is closed ___ Sundays.

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He was late ___ the meeting.

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The gift was wrapped ___ a red ribbon.

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🌟 Conjunctions – Full Overview with Examples

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Conjunctions are joining words that connect words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence.

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🔹 Types of Conjunctions

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1. Coordinating Conjunctions

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These connect two equal parts (word + word, phrase + phrase, or clause + clause).

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👉 FANBOYS (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So)

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{"order":820,"type":"table","rows":[["Conjunction","Usage Example"],["For","I stayed home, for it was raining."],["And","She plays guitar and sings."],["Nor","He doesn’t drink nor smoke."],["But","I like coffee, but not tea."],["Or","Do you want tea or coffee?"],["Yet","He is old, yet strong."],["So","It rained, so we stayed indoors."]]}

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2. Subordinating Conjunctions

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These join an independent clause and a dependent clause.

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📌 Examples: because, although, since, if, when, while, until, unless, as, though

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{"order":825,"type":"table","rows":[["Conjunction","Usage Example"],["Because","I’m late because I missed the bus."],["Although","Although it rained, we went outside."],["If","If you study, you will pass."],["While","While I was sleeping, the phone rang."],["Until","Wait until I come back."]]}

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3. Correlative Conjunctions

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These come in pairs and work together.

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📌 Examples: either...or, neither...nor, both...and, not only...but also, whether...or

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{"order":830,"type":"table","rows":[["Pair","Usage Example"],["Either...or","You can either call me or text me."],["Neither...nor","Neither Jack nor Jill came."],["Both...and","Both the movie and the book were great."],["Not only...but also","Not only smart but also hardworking."],["Whether...or","I don’t know whether to stay or leave."]]}

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Exercise 9: Identify the Conjunction

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{"order":833,"type":"table","rows":[["Serial","Sentence","Conjunction(s)"],["1","I wanted to go, but I was too tired.",""],["2","He missed the bus because he woke up late.",""],["3","She is both intelligent and hardworking.",""],["4","We stayed home since it was raining.",""],["5","I will call you when I reach the station.",""],["6","They can have tea or coffee.",""],["7","Although it was cold, she went for a walk.",""],["8","He is poor yet honest.",""],["9","You must decide whether to go or stay.",""],["10","I’ll wait here until you come back.",""],["11","She cooked dinner while I cleaned the house.",""],["12","Either you apologize or leave.",""],["13","He didn’t speak, nor did he smile.",""],["14","I was hungry, so I made a sandwich.",""],["15","We can go out after the rain stops.",""],["16","Unless you study, you won’t pass.",""],["17","Not only is he smart but also very kind.",""],["18","Though tired, he kept walking.",""],["19","Let’s go out, for the weather is pleasant.",""],["20","Before you leave, switch off the light.",""],["21","The baby cried because she was hungry.",""],["22","As I entered the room, the phone rang.",""],["23","You may take this book or that one.",""],["24","She is sad yet hopeful.",""],["25","Neither the teacher nor the student was present.",""],["26","I will join if I get time.",""],["27","He sings and dances well.",""],["28","I couldn’t attend the party since I was ill.",""],["29","We will wait until the guests arrive.",""],["30","He wants to dance, but he is shy.",""],["31","Although he apologized, she didn’t forgive him.",""],["32","She kept working while everyone else rested.",""],["33","If it rains, we’ll stay home.",""],["34","We visited the museum after lunch.",""],["35","He studied hard, so he passed the exam.",""],["36","Not only did she sing, but also played the piano.",""],["37","They were late because of the traffic.",""],["38","She will wait here until her father arrives.",""],["39","He acted as though he didn’t know me.",""],["40","Both John and David are coming.",""],["41","We must finish before sunset.",""],["42","While the kids played, the parents chatted.",""],["43","He is tall but not very fast.",""],["44","I don't know whether she will come or not.",""],["45","If you work hard, you will succeed.",""],["46","Though it was late, they continued working.",""],["47","She neither smiled nor greeted me.",""],["48","The dog barked as the stranger came close.",""],["49","Since its Sunday, the bank is closed.",""],["50","You can have either rice or bread.",""]]}

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Exercise 10: MCQS

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{"order":837,"type":"table","rows":[["Serial","Question","Options","Answer"],["1","I was tired, ___ I finished my work.","['but', 'because', 'although', 'and']",""],["2","He didn’t come ___ he was sick.","['so', 'because', 'but', 'yet']",""],["3","___ it rains, we will cancel the match.","['If', 'Although', 'And', 'So']",""],["4","You can have ___ tea ___ coffee.","['either...or', 'neither...nor', 'both...and', 'not only...but also']",""],["5","She is smart ___ lazy.","['but', 'so', 'because', 'and']",""],["6","Wait here ___ I return.","['until', 'but', 'because', 'yet']",""],["7","We stayed home ___ it was raining.","['because', 'but', 'and', 'yet']",""],["8","She passed the test ___ she studied hard.","['because', 'but', 'or', 'yet']",""],["9","He is rich ___ humble.","['yet', 'so', 'because', 'or']",""],["10","He must leave now ___ he will be late.","['or', 'but', 'and', 'so']",""],["11","I was tired, ___ I finished my work.","['but', 'because', 'although', 'and']",""],["12","He didn’t come ___ he was sick.","['so', 'because', 'but', 'yet']",""],["13","___ it rains, we will cancel the match.","['If', 'Although', 'And', 'So']",""],["14","You can have ___ tea ___ coffee.","['either...or', 'neither...nor', 'both...and', 'not only...but also']",""],["15","She is smart ___ lazy.","['but', 'so', 'because', 'and']",""],["16","Wait here ___ I return.","['until', 'but', 'because', 'yet']",""],["17","We stayed home ___ it was raining.","['because', 'but', 'and', 'yet']",""],["18","She passed the test ___ she studied hard.","['because', 'but', 'or', 'yet']",""],["19","He is rich ___ humble.","['yet', 'so', 'because', 'or']",""],["20","He must leave now ___ he will be late.","['or', 'but', 'and', 'so']",""],["21","I was tired, ___ I finished my work.","['but', 'because', 'although', 'and']",""],["22","He didn’t come ___ he was sick.","['so', 'because', 'but', 'yet']",""],["23","___ it rains, we will cancel the match.","['If', 'Although', 'And', 'So']",""],["24","You can have ___ tea ___ coffee.","['either...or', 'neither...nor', 'both...and', 'not only...but also']",""],["25","She is smart ___ lazy.","['but', 'so', 'because', 'and']",""],["26","Wait here ___ I return.","['until', 'but', 'because', 'yet']",""],["27","We stayed home ___ it was raining.","['because', 'but', 'and', 'yet']",""],["28","She passed the test ___ she studied hard.","['because', 'but', 'or', 'yet']",""],["29","He is rich ___ humble.","['yet', 'so', 'because', 'or']",""],["30","He must leave now ___ he will be late.","['or', 'but', 'and', 'so']",""],["31","I was tired, ___ I finished my work.","['but', 'because', 'although', 'and']",""],["32","He didn’t come ___ he was sick.","['so', 'because', 'but', 'yet']",""],["33","___ it rains, we will cancel the match.","['If', 'Although', 'And', 'So']",""],["34","You can have ___ tea ___ coffee.","['either...or', 'neither...nor', 'both...and', 'not only...but also']",""],["35","She is smart ___ lazy.","['but', 'so', 'because', 'and']",""],["36","Wait here ___ I return.","['until', 'but', 'because', 'yet']",""],["37","We stayed home ___ it was raining.","['because', 'but', 'and', 'yet']",""],["38","She passed the test ___ she studied hard.","['because', 'but', 'or', 'yet']",""],["39","He is rich ___ humble.","['yet', 'so', 'because', 'or']",""],["40","He must leave now ___ he will be late.","['or', 'but', 'and', 'so']",""],["41","I was tired, ___ I finished my work.","['but', 'because', 'although', 'and']",""],["42","He didn’t come ___ he was sick.","['so', 'because', 'but', 'yet']",""],["43","___ it rains, we will cancel the match.","['If', 'Although', 'And', 'So']",""],["44","You can have ___ tea ___ coffee.","['either...or', 'neither...nor', 'both...and', 'not only...but also']",""],["45","She is smart ___ lazy.","['but', 'so', 'because', 'and']",""],["46","Wait here ___ I return.","['until', 'but', 'because', 'yet']",""],["47","We stayed home ___ it was raining.","['because', 'but', 'and', 'yet']",""],["48","She passed the test ___ she studied hard.","['because', 'but', 'or', 'yet']",""],["49","He is rich ___ humble.","['yet', 'so', 'because', 'or']",""],["50","He must leave now ___ he will be late.","['or', 'but', 'and', 'so']",""]]}

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Exercise 11: Fill in the blanks

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{"order":840,"type":"table","rows":[["Serial","Fill in the Blank","Answer"],["1","I was late, ___ I missed the bus.",""],["2","She studied hard, ___ she passed the exam.",""],["3","___ you practice, you will improve.",""],["4","He is tall ___ strong.",""],["5","They will come ___ it doesn’t rain.",""],["6","___ it was raining, we went for a walk.",""],["7","She likes coffee ___ not tea.",""],["8","We waited ___ the train arrived.",""],["9","___ the sun set, the air became cooler.",""],["10","I called him, ___ he didn’t answer.",""],["11","___ she was tired, she finished the project.",""],["12","You can come with us ___ stay home.",""],["13","He didn’t pass, ___ he didn’t study.",""],["14","He is neither lazy ___ careless.",""],["15","Let’s go home ___ it's getting late.",""],["16","She sings ___ dances well.",""],["17","___ he worked hard, he failed the test.",""],["18","Stay here ___ I come back.",""],["19","He plays cricket ___ football.",""],["20","___ the teacher enters, stand up.",""],["21","You must leave now, ___ you’ll be late.",""],["22","___ you want to join, let me know.",""],["23","I will come to your house ___ I finish my work.",""],["24","We will go out ___ it stops raining.",""],["25","She is kind ___ helpful.",""],["26","___ you are ready, we’ll begin.",""],["27","He kept walking, ___ he was tired.",""],["28","They left early ___ they had an appointment.",""],["29","You must eat now ___ you’ll be hungry later.",""],["30","He is rich, ___ he is generous.",""],["31","She smiled ___ said nothing.",""],["32","___ you study well, you can score high.",""],["33","We can watch TV ___ play games.",""],["34","___ he worked hard, he succeeded.",""],["35","Call me ___ you need help.",""],["36","She is not only beautiful ___ also smart.",""],["37","We went out ___ it was raining.",""],["38","He didn’t come ___ he was ill.",""],["39","The boy is poor ___ honest.",""],["40","Sit here ___ wait for your turn.",""],["41","___ you see her, say hello.",""],["42","She is weak ___ she tries hard.",""],["43","He couldn’t walk, ___ he was tired.",""],["44","Keep quiet ___ the baby is sleeping.",""],["45","We stayed inside ___ it was cold.",""],["46","___ it’s sunny, let’s go for a picnic.",""],["47","Tell me the truth ___ I will be angry.",""],["48","He is smart ___ lazy.",""],["49","___ she studied, she didn’t do well.",""],["50","I can go with you ___ stay here.",""]]}

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✅ Descriptive Paragraph Topics (People)

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My Best Friend

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My Mother

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A Famous Person I Admire

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My Teacher

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An Honest Policeman

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A Farmer in My Village

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The School Principal

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My Little Sister

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Verb

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look

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wear

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smile

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talk

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walk

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help

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teach

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guide

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love

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care

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work

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play

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laugh

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think

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speak

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listen

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behave

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sit

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stand

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run

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live

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✅ Descriptive Paragraph Topics (Places)

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My House

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My Classroom

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A Beautiful Garden

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A Crowded Market

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A Peaceful Library

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A Village Scene

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My Favorite Park

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A Busy Railway Station

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Verbs

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stand

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lie (in a location)

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shine

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cover

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surround

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face

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appear

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look (beautiful/clean)

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include

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contain

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welcome

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reflect

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flow (for river)

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rise (for mountain)

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spread

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grow (plants/trees)

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✅ Descriptive Paragraph Topics (Objects/Things)

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My Bicycle

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My School Bag

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My Mobile Phone

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A Favorite Toy

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My Pet's House

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My Pencil Box

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A Gift I Treasure

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A New Watch

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Verbs

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look

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shine

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glow

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contain

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hold

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cover

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hang

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rest

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show

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move

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open

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roll

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float

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break

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fit

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work

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run (machine)

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blink

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✅ Descriptive Paragraph Topics (Animals/Birds)

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My Pet Dog

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A Clever Cat

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The Cow

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A Colorful Peacock

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An Elephant in the Zoo

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A Flying Bird

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Verbs

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bark

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meow

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fly

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run

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hop

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jump

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climb

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crawl

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eat

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drink

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sleep

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hunt

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swim

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chirp

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growl

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make (sound)

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live

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✅ Descriptive Paragraph Topics (Scenes/Nature)

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A Rainy Day

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A Sunny Morning

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A Winter Evening

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A Starry Night

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A Stormy Day

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The Sunrise from My Balcony

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The Moonlit Sky

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The Beach at Sunset

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Verbs

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shine

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blow (wind)

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fall (rain, snow)

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rise (sun, moon)

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glow

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flow (river)

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rustle (leaves)

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chirp (birds)

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bloom (flowers)

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change (colors)

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appear

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spread

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✅ Descriptive Paragraph Topics (Things You Do)

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My Daily Routine

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My School Life

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How I Celebrate My Birthday

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A Day at the Fair

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A Visit to the Zoo

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A Picnic with My Family

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A Visit to a Book Fair

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My Hobby

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Daily Routine Verbs:wake, brush, wash, eat, drink, cook, clean, walk, drive, sleep, dress, bathe, comb, read, write

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Physical Action Verbs:run, jump, lift, carry, throw, catch, climb, push, pull, bend, stretch, kick, crawl, slide, squat

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Mental Process Verbs:think, plan, imagine, remember, decide, focus, believe, wonder, guess, solve, learn, forget, analyze, question

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Communication Verbs:talk, say, shout, whisper, explain, ask, answer, laugh, argue, agree, speak, chat, respond, discuss

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Sensory Verbs:see, hear, smell, taste, touch, feel, notice, observe, glance, listen, detect, recognize

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Emotional Verbs:like, love, hate, enjoy, fear, worry, care, prefer, admire, regret, hope, trust

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Creative/Leisure Verbs:paint, draw, sing, dance, write, read, build, craft, design, sew, sketch, play

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Work/Study Verbs:read, write, study, learn, research, calculate, type, submit, attend, teach, revise, analyze

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Travel/Outdoor Verbs:travel, visit, explore, hike, ride, swim, camp, sail, tour, photograph, walk, run

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✅ Creative Descriptive Topics

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A Magical Forest

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A Haunted House

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A Robot in My Home

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A Dream Land

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Verbs

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feel

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seem

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appear

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look

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sound

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express

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reflect

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reveal

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show

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have

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possess

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Simple Future Tense

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🔹 Definition:

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The Simple Future Tense is used to talk about an action that will happen in the future.

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🔹 Structure:

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✅ Affirmative:

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Subject + will + base verb (V1) + rest of sentence

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Example:👉 I will go to school tomorrow.

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❎ Negative:

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Subject + will not (won’t) + base verb + rest of sentence

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Example:👉 She will not come to the party.

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❓ Interrogative:

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Will + subject + base verb + rest of sentence + ?

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Example:👉 Will they arrive on time?

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🔹 Usage:

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{"order":1045,"type":"table","rows":[["Use Case","Example"],["A decision made at the moment","I will help you."],["A future fact","The sun will rise at 6 AM."],["A prediction","It will rain tomorrow."],["A promise","I will call you later."]]}

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🔹 Time Expressions Used:

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tomorrow

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next week/month/year

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in 2026

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soon

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later

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tonight

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after some time

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🔹 Examples:

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We will meet at the park.

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He won’t attend the meeting.

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Will you join us for dinner?

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They will play cricket next Sunday.

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📘 Types of Paragraphs That Can Be Written in Simple Future Tense

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🔹 1. Future Plans Paragraph

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Used to describe personal plans or intentions.

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Example:

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Next year, I will travel to Delhi with my family. We will visit many historical places like the Red Fort and Qutub Minar. My father will book the train tickets, and my mother will pack our bags. We will enjoy every moment of the trip.

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🔹 💼 Future Plans Verbs (Base Form – V1):

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🧳 Travel & Movement:

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travel

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visit

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reach

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arrive

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leave

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return

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🏡 Home & Preparation:

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stay

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book

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pack

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prepare

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arrange

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cook

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clean

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🎉 Activities & Events:

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attend

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enjoy

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participate

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celebrate

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meet

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explore

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watch

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join

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📚 Study & Work:

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study

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join

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work

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learn

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complete

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submit

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apply

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🗣️ Communication:

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call

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tell

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invite

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talk

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discuss

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🛍️ Shopping & Buying:

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buy

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order

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choose

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select

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get

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🔹 2. Predictions Paragraph

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Used to express guesses or forecasts about the future.

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Example:

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In the coming years, technology will become even more advanced. People will use robots for daily chores. Electric cars will replace petrol cars. Education will move more into the online space.

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🔹 1. Technology & Innovation

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invent

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create

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develop

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improve

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discover

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replace

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use

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advance

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🔹 2. Growth & Change

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grow

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increase

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rise

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fall

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decrease

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change

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become

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🔹 3. Environment & Society

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affect

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impact

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protect

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destroy

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save

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spread

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solve

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🔹 4. Communication & Connectivity

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connect

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communicate

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control

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move

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🔹 5. Existence & Transformation

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appear

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disappear

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continue

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need

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be (will be)

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🔹 3. Promises or Commitments Paragraph

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Used to express what someone will surely do in the future.

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Example:

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I promise I will complete my homework on time. I will not waste my time on mobile games. I will study hard and make my parents proud. I will always obey my teachers.

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🔹 1. Study & Self-Improvement

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study

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learn

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read

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complete

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improve

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focus

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attend

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practice

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🔹 2. Behavior & Discipline

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obey

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respect

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behave

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listen

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avoid

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try

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promise

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🔹 3. Responsibility & Action

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help

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support

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clean

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finish

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submit

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take

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manage

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🔹 4. Communication & Relationships

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call

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talk

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meet

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tell

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stay

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write

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🔹 5. Emotional & Moral Values

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care

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love

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forgive

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believe

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remember

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trust

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🔹 4. Imaginary Future / Dream Paragraph

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Describes a dream or hope for the future.

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Example:

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One day, I will become a scientist. I will invent useful machines to help people. I will build a big laboratory. My inventions will solve problems like pollution and global warming.

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🔹 1. Ambition & Career

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become

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achieve

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build

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create

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start

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lead

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establish

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design

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🔹 2. Invention & Discovery

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invent

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discover

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develop

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solve

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explore

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research

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🔹 3. Adventure & Travel

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travel

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visit

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fly

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explore

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see

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meet

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🔹 4. Helping Others / Changing the World

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help

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serve

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teach

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donate

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support

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inspire

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protect

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save

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🔹 5. Wealth & Luxury

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buy

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own

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build

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drive

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live

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enjoy

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🔹 6. Fame & Recognition

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win

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earn

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shine

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succeed

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become (famous)

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perform

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🔹 5. Instructions for a Future Event

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Describes what someone will do during an upcoming event or task.

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Example:

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During the annual function, I will welcome the chief guest. Then I will sing a song with my friends. After that, we will perform a skit. Everyone will enjoy the program.

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🔹 1. Starting & Announcing

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start

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begin

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announce

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welcome

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introduce

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explain

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🔹 2. Performing & Participating

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perform

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sing

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dance

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speak

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act

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participate

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present

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show

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🔹 3. Managing & Organizing

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organize

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arrange

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prepare

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distribute

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handle

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manage

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set (up)

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🔹 4. Guiding & Directing

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guide

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lead

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instruct

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tell

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ask

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inform

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invite

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🔹 5. Closing & Wrapping Up

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end

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conclude

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thank

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collect

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dismiss

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Simple Past Tense

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🔹 Definition:

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The Simple Past Tense is used to describe an action that happened and finished in the past.

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🔹 Structure:

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✅ Affirmative:

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Subject + past form of verb (V2) + rest of sentence

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Example:👉 She visited her grandmother yesterday.

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❎ Negative:

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Subject + did not + base verb (V1) + rest of sentence

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Example:👉 He did not go to school.

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❓ Interrogative:

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Did + subject + base verb (V1) + rest of sentence + ?

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Example:👉 Did you watch the movie?

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🔹 Usage:

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{"order":1384,"type":"table","rows":[["Use Case","Example"],["Completed action","I watched the show."],["Past habit or routine","She walked to school daily."],["Specific past time action","He met her last week."]]}

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📘 Rules to Change Verb (V1) to Verb (V2)

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(For forming Simple Past Tense)

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There are two main types of verbs:

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🔹 1. Regular Verbs

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👉 Just add –ed or –d to the base verb (V1) to get the past form (V2)

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✅ Rules for Regular Verbs:

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{"order":1393,"type":"table","rows":[["Rule","Base Verb (V1)","Past Form (V2)","Example Sentence"],["1. Add -ed to most verbs","walk","walked","I walked to school."],["2. If verb ends in -e, add only -d","live","lived","She lived in Delhi."],["3. If verb ends in consonant + y, change y → i and add -ed","carry","carried","He carried the bag."],["4. If verb ends in vowel + y, just add -ed","play","played","We played chess."],["5. For some short verbs (CVC), double the last consonant + ed","stop","stopped","He stopped the car."]]}

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CVC = Consonant + Vowel + Consonant (like "stop", "plan", "rob")

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🔹 2. Irregular Verbs

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👉 These verbs do not follow any fixed rule. You must memorize them.

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✅ Examples:

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{"order":1399,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base)","V2 (Past)","Example Sentence"],["go","went","I went home."],["eat","ate","She ate lunch."],["take","took","He took the book."],["come","came","They came early."],["write","wrote","She wrote a poem."]]}

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🔸 For a full list of 100+ irregular verbs, just ask!

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🧠 Tip to Remember:

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Regular = Add “-ed”

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Irregular = Learn by heart

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📝 1. Narrative Paragraph

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Describes a past event, story, or incident.

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Example Topics:

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My trip to Darjeeling

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A childhood memory

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What happened last weekend

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V2 (Simple Past)

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went

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saw

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came

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met

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told

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said

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took

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gave

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ran

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walked

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jumped

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opened

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closed

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started

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finished

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found

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lost

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brought

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heard

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felt

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sat

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stood

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asked

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answered

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thought

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decided

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tried

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helped

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shouted

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smiled

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🧳 2. Recount Paragraph

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Retells a sequence of past actions or experiences (often factual).

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Example Topics:

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What I did on my summer vacation

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A visit to the zoo

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An unforgettable day at school

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✅ 1. Daily/Sequential Actions

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{"order":1452,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["wake","woke"],["get","got"],["brush","brushed"],["eat","ate"],["go","went"],["take","took"],["reach","reached"],["attend","attended"],["finish","finished"],["return","returned"]]}

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✅ 2. Movement / Travel

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{"order":1455,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["walk","walked"],["run","ran"],["drive","drove"],["travel","travelled"],["visit","visited"],["arrive","arrived"],["leave","left"],["enter","entered"],["climb","climbed"],["cross","crossed"]]}

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✅ 3. Interactions / Communication

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{"order":1458,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["meet","met"],["talk","talked"],["ask","asked"],["answer","answered"],["tell","told"],["say","said"],["greet","greeted"],["thank","thanked"],["invite","invited"],["reply","replied"]]}

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✅ 4. Thoughts / Feelings / Reactions

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{"order":1461,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["feel","felt"],["think","thought"],["enjoy","enjoyed"],["experience","experienced"],["realize","realized"],["decide","decided"],["understand","understood"],["forget","forgot"],["remember","remembered"],["wish","wished"]]}

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🧑‍🎓 3. Biographical Paragraph

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Describes someone's past life, achievements, or experiences.

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Example Topics:

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The life of Mahatma Gandhi

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Biography of Kalpana Chawla

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My grandfather’s early life

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🧑‍🎓 1. Life Events & Background

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{"order":1470,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["be","was\/were"],["live","lived"],["grow","grew"],["study","studied"],["move","moved"],["marry","married"],["born","was born"],["die","died"],["belong","belonged"],["raise","raised"]]}

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🏅 2. Achievements & Success

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{"order":1473,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["achieve","achieved"],["win","won"],["receive","received"],["get","got"],["become","became"],["earn","earned"],["invent","invented"],["discover","discovered"],["create","created"],["publish","published"]]}

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🌍 3. Experiences / Contributions

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{"order":1476,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["travel","travelled"],["work","worked"],["lead","led"],["inspire","inspired"],["help","helped"],["teach","taught"],["build","built"],["contribute","contributed"],["serve","served"],["participate","participated"]]}

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🕰 4. Historical Paragraph

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Describes past events from history or culture.

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Example Topics:

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The Battle of Plassey

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India’s freedom struggle

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Ancient Egyptian civilization

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⚔️ 1. War, Conflict, and Struggle

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{"order":1486,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["fight","fought"],["revolt","revolted"],["rebel","rebelled"],["conquer","conquered"],["defeat","defeated"],["attack","attacked"],["invade","invaded"],["resist","resisted"],["surrender","surrendered"],["declare","declared"]]}

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🏛 2. Political and Governmental Actions

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{"order":1489,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["rule","ruled"],["govern","governed"],["lead","led"],["form","formed"],["establish","established"],["abolish","abolished"],["pass (a law)","passed"],["enforce","enforced"],["unite","united"],["divide","divided"]]}

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📜 3. Cultural Events and Contributions

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{"order":1492,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["celebrate","celebrated"],["perform","performed"],["build","built"],["create","created"],["write","wrote"],["compose","composed"],["invent","invented"],["discover","discovered"],["publish","published"],["spread","spread"]]}

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🧠 4. Social Change and Movements

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{"order":1495,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["reform","reformed"],["improve","improved"],["campaign","campaigned"],["protest","protested"],["support","supported"],["oppose","opposed"],["demand","demanded"],["change","changed"],["influence","influenced"],["transform","transformed"]]}

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🏆 5. Experience Paragraph

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Describes a personal or shared past experience.

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Example Topics:

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My first stage performance

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A train journey I enjoyed

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The day I learned to ride a bicycle

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🧍‍♂️ 1. Daily and Personal Activities

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{"order":1505,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["wake","woke"],["get","got"],["eat","ate"],["go","went"],["do","did"],["see","saw"],["visit","visited"],["enjoy","enjoyed"],["try","tried"],["watch","watched"]]}

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🌟 2. Emotions and Reactions

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{"order":1508,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["feel","felt"],["love","loved"],["hate","hated"],["enjoy","enjoyed"],["fear","feared"],["realize","realized"],["remember","remembered"],["forget","forgot"],["surprise","surprised"],["regret","regretted"]]}

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👥 3. Interaction and Communication

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{"order":1511,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["meet","met"],["talk","talked"],["share","shared"],["laugh","laughed"],["tell","told"],["ask","asked"],["listen","listened"],["call","called"],["help","helped"],["invite","invited"]]}

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🧭 4. Travel and Adventure

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{"order":1514,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["travel","traveled"],["explore","explored"],["climb","climbed"],["hike","hiked"],["swim","swam"],["drive","drove"],["fly","flew"],["reach","reached"],["stay","stayed"],["return","returned"]]}

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📚 6. Story Paragraph

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Fictional or imaginative story told in past tense.

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Example Topics:

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The lion and the mouse

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A mysterious house in the forest

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A lost treasure

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🏃‍♂️ 1. Actions and Movements

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{"order":1524,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["walk","walked"],["run","ran"],["jump","jumped"],["fly","flew"],["climb","climbed"],["enter","entered"],["escape","escaped"],["fall","fell"],["chase","chased"],["hide","hid"]]}

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🧙‍♂️ 2. Magical or Supernatural Actions

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{"order":1527,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["appear","appeared"],["disappear","disappeared"],["transform","transformed"],["cast (a spell)","cast"],["vanish","vanished"],["rise","rose"],["shine","shone"],["glow","glowed"],["whisper","whispered"],["enchant","enchanted"]]}

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🗣️ 3. Speech and Dialogue

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{"order":1530,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["say","said"],["tell","told"],["shout","shouted"],["whisper","whispered"],["ask","asked"],["reply","replied"],["warn","warned"],["cry","cried"],["laugh","laughed"],["promise","promised"]]}

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🧠 4. Thoughts, Emotions, and Decisions

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{"order":1533,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["think","thought"],["feel","felt"],["dream","dreamed"],["fear","feared"],["hope","hoped"],["decide","decided"],["believe","believed"],["imagine","imagined"],["remember","remembered"],["forget","forgot"]]}

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🏰 5. Events and Consequences

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{"order":1536,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["happen","happened"],["begin","began"],["end","ended"],["change","changed"],["rescue","rescued"],["discover","discovered"],["lose","lost"],["find","found"],["save","saved"],["return","returned"]]}

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🛠 7. Procedure Recount (Completed Actions)

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Describes steps someone followed in the past.

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Example Topics:

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How I made a science project

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How we organized a school event

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🛠️ 1. Starting the Process

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{"order":1545,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["start","started"],["begin","began"],["decide","decided"],["choose","chose"],["plan","planned"],["prepare","prepared"]]}

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🧪 2. Performing the Steps / Actions

Sponge item 1346

{"order":1548,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["take","took"],["open","opened"],["add","added"],["mix","mixed"],["use","used"],["follow","followed"],["measure","measured"],["pour","poured"],["cut","cut"],["turn","turned"]]}

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⚙️ 3. Completing the Task

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{"order":1550,"type":"table","rows":[["V1 (Base Form)","V2 (Past Tense)"],["wait","waited"],["check","checked"],["complete","completed"],["fix","fixed"],["clean","cleaned"],["close","closed"],["finish","finished"],["remove","removed"],["repeat","repeated"],["Test","tested"]]}

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Answers

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Exercise 1

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b) Proper Noun

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c) Collective Noun

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b) Common Noun

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a) Abstract Noun

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a) Common Noun

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d) Collective Noun

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b) Abstract Noun

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d) Proper Noun

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b) Common Noun

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c) Collective Noun

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a) Proper Noun

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c) Abstract Noun

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b) Collective Noun

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b) Collective Noun

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b) Abstract Noun

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b) Proper Noun

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d) Collective Noun

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c) Common Noun

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a) Abstract Noun

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a) Proper Noun

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d) Collective Noun

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b) Proper Noun

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c) Material Noun

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a) Abstract Noun

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b) Collective Noun

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b) Proper Noun

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d) Common Noun

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b) Material Noun

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a) Abstract Noun

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c) Proper Noun

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a) Abstract Noun

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c) Collective Noun

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d) Material Noun

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b) Common Noun

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a) Proper Noun

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c) Collective Noun

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b) Abstract Noun

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d) Proper Noun

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c) Material Noun

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b) Collective Noun

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d) Abstract Noun

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a) Proper Noun

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c) Common Noun

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b) Material Noun

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b) Abstract Noun

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b) Collective Noun

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b) Proper Noun

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c) Material Noun

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a) Common Noun

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b) Collective Noun

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Exercise 5: Answer

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Sl-Preposition

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1-under

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2-at

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3-to

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4-at

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5-into

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6-in

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7-across

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8-on

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10-

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11-from

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12-through

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13-

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14-in

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15-about

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16-for

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17-

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18-on

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19-of

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20-

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21-to

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22-after

Sponge item 1425

23-before

Sponge item 1426

24-over

Sponge item 1427

25-by

Sponge item 1428

26-of

Sponge item 1429

27-with

Sponge item 1430

28-

Sponge item 1431

29-to

Sponge item 1432

30-onto

Sponge item 1433

31-with

Sponge item 1434

32-

Sponge item 1435

33-

Sponge item 1436

34-

Sponge item 1437

35-at

Sponge item 1438

36-

Sponge item 1439

37-

Sponge item 1440

38-

Sponge item 1441

39-

Sponge item 1442

40-

Sponge item 1443

41-

Sponge item 1444

42-with

Sponge item 1445

43-by

Sponge item 1446

44-along

Sponge item 1447

45-through

Sponge item 1448

46-after

Sponge item 1449

47-

Sponge item 1450

48-under

Sponge item 1451

49-

Sponge item 1452

50-before

Sponge item 1453

51-

Sponge item 1454

Exercise 6: Answer

Sponge item 1455

Sl-Correct Answer

Sponge item 1456

1-A

Sponge item 1457

2-D

Sponge item 1458

3-D

Sponge item 1459

4-C

Sponge item 1460

5-B

Sponge item 1461

6-B

Sponge item 1462

7-C

Sponge item 1463

8-B

Sponge item 1464

9-D

Sponge item 1465

10-B

Sponge item 1466

11-B

Sponge item 1467

12-C

Sponge item 1468

13-C

Sponge item 1469

14-C

Sponge item 1470

15-D

Sponge item 1471

16-C

Sponge item 1472

17-B

Sponge item 1473

18-D

Sponge item 1474

19-C

Sponge item 1475

20-D

Sponge item 1476

21-A

Sponge item 1477

22-A

Sponge item 1478

23-D

Sponge item 1479

24-D

Sponge item 1480

25-D

Sponge item 1481

26-B

Sponge item 1482

27-A

Sponge item 1483

28-C

Sponge item 1484

29-B

Sponge item 1485

30-D

Sponge item 1486

31-C

Sponge item 1487

32-A

Sponge item 1488

33-C

Sponge item 1489

34-A

Sponge item 1490

35-D

Sponge item 1491

36-B

Sponge item 1492

37-D

Sponge item 1493

38-B

Sponge item 1494

39-D

Sponge item 1495

40-C

Sponge item 1496

41-D

Sponge item 1497

42-D

Sponge item 1498

43-D

Sponge item 1499

44-C

Sponge item 1500

45-B

Sponge item 1501

46-B

Sponge item 1502

47-C

Sponge item 1503

48-B

Sponge item 1504

49-A

Sponge item 1505

50-B

Sponge item 1506

Exercise 7: Answer

Sponge item 1507

Serial-Correct Preposition

Sponge item 1508

1-to

Sponge item 1509

2-with

Sponge item 1510

3-in

Sponge item 1511

4-on

Sponge item 1512

5-into

Sponge item 1513

6-in

Sponge item 1514

7-in front of

Sponge item 1515

8-into

Sponge item 1516

9-from

Sponge item 1517

10-of

Sponge item 1518

11-of

Sponge item 1519

12-at

Sponge item 1520

13-on

Sponge item 1521

14-beside

Sponge item 1522

15-down

Sponge item 1523

16-on

Sponge item 1524

17-of

Sponge item 1525

18-with

Sponge item 1526

19-in

Sponge item 1527

20-at

Sponge item 1528

21-through

Sponge item 1529

22-across

Sponge item 1530

23-over

Sponge item 1531

24-on

Sponge item 1532

25-on

Sponge item 1533

26-into

Sponge item 1534

27-into

Sponge item 1535

28-in

Sponge item 1536

29-in

Sponge item 1537

30-to

Sponge item 1538

31-onto

Sponge item 1539

32-through

Sponge item 1540

33-out of

Sponge item 1541

34-at

Sponge item 1542

35-at

Sponge item 1543

36-in

Sponge item 1544

37-from

Sponge item 1545

38-at

Sponge item 1546

39-in

Sponge item 1547

40-through

Sponge item 1548

41-at

Sponge item 1549

42-at

Sponge item 1550

43-on

Sponge item 1551

44-for

Sponge item 1552

45-from

Sponge item 1553

46-along

Sponge item 1554

47-into

Sponge item 1555

48-on

Sponge item 1556

49-against

Sponge item 1557

50-at

Sponge item 1558

Exercise 8: ✅ Answer Key

Sponge item 1559

under

Sponge item 1560

Sponge item 1561

Sponge item 1562

Sponge item 1563

into

Sponge item 1564

Sponge item 1565

Sponge item 1566

along

Sponge item 1567

through

Sponge item 1568

Sponge item 1569

Sponge item 1570

Sponge item 1571

Sponge item 1572

through

Sponge item 1573

Sponge item 1574

Sponge item 1575

Sponge item 1576

Sponge item 1577

beside

Sponge item 1578

Sponge item 1579

Sponge item 1580

Sponge item 1581

for

Sponge item 1582

Sponge item 1583

from

Sponge item 1584

beside

Sponge item 1585

Sponge item 1586

for

Sponge item 1587

near

Sponge item 1588

through

Sponge item 1589

Sponge item 1590

Sponge item 1591

Sponge item 1592

Sponge item 1593

above

Sponge item 1594

against

Sponge item 1595

Sponge item 1596

for

Sponge item 1597

Sponge item 1598

down

Sponge item 1599

Sponge item 1600

Sponge item 1601

with

Sponge item 1602

into

Sponge item 1603

along

Sponge item 1604

Sponge item 1605

for

Sponge item 1606

Sponge item 1607

for

Sponge item 1608

Sponge item 1609

Exercise 9: Answers

Sponge item 1610

Serial-Conjunction(s)

Sponge item 1611

1-but

Sponge item 1612

2-because

Sponge item 1613

3-and, both

Sponge item 1614

4-since

Sponge item 1615

5-when

Sponge item 1616

6-or

Sponge item 1617

7-for, although

Sponge item 1618

8-yet

Sponge item 1619

9-or, whether

Sponge item 1620

10-until

Sponge item 1621

11-while

Sponge item 1622

12-or, either

Sponge item 1623

13-nor

Sponge item 1624

14-so

Sponge item 1625

15-after

Sponge item 1626

16-unless

Sponge item 1627

17-but, not only

Sponge item 1628

18-though

Sponge item 1629

19-for

Sponge item 1630

20-before

Sponge item 1631

21-because

Sponge item 1632

22-as

Sponge item 1633

23-or

Sponge item 1634

24-yet

Sponge item 1635

25-nor, neither

Sponge item 1636

26-if

Sponge item 1637

27-and

Sponge item 1638

28-since

Sponge item 1639

29-until

Sponge item 1640

30-but

Sponge item 1641

31-although

Sponge item 1642

32-while

Sponge item 1643

33-if

Sponge item 1644

34-after

Sponge item 1645

35-so

Sponge item 1646

36-but, not only

Sponge item 1647

37-because

Sponge item 1648

38-until

Sponge item 1649

39-as, though

Sponge item 1650

40-and, both

Sponge item 1651

41-before

Sponge item 1652

42-while

Sponge item 1653

43-but

Sponge item 1654

44-or, whether

Sponge item 1655

45-if

Sponge item 1656

46-though

Sponge item 1657

47-nor, neither

Sponge item 1658

48-as

Sponge item 1659

49-since

Sponge item 1660

50-or, either

Sponge item 1661

Exercise 10: Answers

Sponge item 1662

Serial-Answer

Sponge item 1663

1-but

Sponge item 1664

2-because

Sponge item 1665

3-If

Sponge item 1666

4-either...or

Sponge item 1667

5-but

Sponge item 1668

6-until

Sponge item 1669

7-because

Sponge item 1670

8-because

Sponge item 1671

9-yet

Sponge item 1672

10-or

Sponge item 1673

11-but

Sponge item 1674

12-because

Sponge item 1675

13-If

Sponge item 1676

14-either...or

Sponge item 1677

15-but

Sponge item 1678

16-until

Sponge item 1679

17-because

Sponge item 1680

18-because

Sponge item 1681

19-yet

Sponge item 1682

20-or

Sponge item 1683

21-but

Sponge item 1684

22-because

Sponge item 1685

23-If

Sponge item 1686

24-either...or

Sponge item 1687

25-but

Sponge item 1688

26-until

Sponge item 1689

27-because

Sponge item 1690

28-because

Sponge item 1691

29-yet

Sponge item 1692

30-or

Sponge item 1693

31-but

Sponge item 1694

32-because

Sponge item 1695

33-If

Sponge item 1696

34-either...or

Sponge item 1697

35-but

Sponge item 1698

36-until

Sponge item 1699

37-because

Sponge item 1700

38-because

Sponge item 1701

39-yet

Sponge item 1702

40-or

Sponge item 1703

41-but

Sponge item 1704

42-because

Sponge item 1705

43-If

Sponge item 1706

44-either...or

Sponge item 1707

45-but

Sponge item 1708

46-until

Sponge item 1709

47-because

Sponge item 1710

48-because

Sponge item 1711

49-yet

Sponge item 1712

50-or

Sponge item 1713

Exercise 11: Answers

Sponge item 1714

Serial-Answer

Sponge item 1715

1-so

Sponge item 1716

2-so

Sponge item 1717

3-If

Sponge item 1718

4-and

Sponge item 1719

5-if

Sponge item 1720

6-Although

Sponge item 1721

7-but

Sponge item 1722

8-until

Sponge item 1723

9-As

Sponge item 1724

10-but

Sponge item 1725

11-Although

Sponge item 1726

12-or

Sponge item 1727

13-because

Sponge item 1728

14-nor

Sponge item 1729

15-because

Sponge item 1730

16-and

Sponge item 1731

17-Even though

Sponge item 1732

18-until

Sponge item 1733

19-and

Sponge item 1734

20-When

Sponge item 1735

21-or

Sponge item 1736

22-If

Sponge item 1737

23-after

Sponge item 1738

24-if

Sponge item 1739

25-and

Sponge item 1740

26-When

Sponge item 1741

27-though

Sponge item 1742

28-because

Sponge item 1743

29-or

Sponge item 1744

30-yet

Sponge item 1745

31-and

Sponge item 1746

32-If

Sponge item 1747

33-or

Sponge item 1748

34-Since

Sponge item 1749

35-if

Sponge item 1750

36-but also

Sponge item 1751

37-Though

Sponge item 1752

38-because

Sponge item 1753

39-but

Sponge item 1754

40-and

Sponge item 1755

41-When

Sponge item 1756

42-but

Sponge item 1757

43-so

Sponge item 1758

44-because

Sponge item 1759

45-Because

Sponge item 1760

46-and

Sponge item 1761

47-or

Sponge item 1762

48-Although

Sponge item 1763

49-or

Sponge item 1764

50-or

TRY IT YOURSELF

A quick check

A wrong answer is a chance to learn. Use the hint and try again.